Pile



Oct. 26 1926.

A. G. ROTINOFF FILE Filed August 4, 1924 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 EM m T| G. BY f AITORNDS H 2 gxazzder Oct. 26 1926.

A. G. ROTINOFF Filed August 4. 1924 3 sheets sheet '5 lNVENTOR Alexander GJfolmaff ATTORNEY Patented Got. 26, 1926 tlhltTD STATELS ALEXANDER G. ROTINOFF, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

FILE.

Applicationfilcd August 4, 1924. Serial No. 729,890.

This invention relates to piles built in situ.

According to the existing methods of building piles of this kind, the hole is generally driven first andthen filled with concrete. In order to protect the hole from collapsing during and between these two operations many different eXpedients are employed. into the ground and then filled with concrete, the shell being left permanently in the ground as part of the pile. The cost of the shells and of the special appliances for driving them add considerably to the cost of the piles. In other systems a heavy driving tube is used as a temporary casing which is gradually withdrawn as the concrete is fed through it. These systems necessitate a very powerful plant and the operations are slow and costly.

The principal object of the present invention is to simplify and cheapen the construction of piles of this kind, at the, same time maintaining or even increasing the reliability andefiiciency of the piles.

A further objectof the present invention is to provide a method of building piles in situ, whereby the use of permanent shells,

temporary casings and like protections during concreting may be avoided.

A further object is to provide a method of driving the material which constitutes the pile into the ground in direct contact with the surrounding soil. 1

A further object is to provide a method of building piles in situ, in which the hole in the ground is at once filled in under pressure with concrete or other pile-forming substance, sothat the static pressure of the soil and water are immediately counterbalanced by the pressure of the introduced concrete or the like and no third element or other me-.

chanical device has to be utilized to prevent the walls from collapsing.

Another objectis to provide means whereby piles may be built in situ and may be consolidated during and. after driving by positively forcing or tamping the concrete or the like into the hole in the ground in which it is to be located. i

A further object is to provide a new and valuable method of producing reinforced piles in situ.

Further objects will become apparent In some systems a shell is driven fIOlTl'tllG following description and drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a section of a pile during building illustrating a method of building a pile in situ.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. 1. i

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view on the line 33 of Fig. 2, illustrating a manner in whichthe concrete forcing mechanism may.

be driven, and the manner in which the head of the driving member is guided.

Fig. a is a plan view of the shoe and re inforcing bars shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a section of the completely driven pile already shown in Fig. 1, illustrating the manner in which the driving tool is with drawn by rotation and theconcrete orf'illing material consolidated.

Fig. 6 is a section of a pile illustrating the manner in which a tapered pile may be built.

Fig. 7 is a View similar to Fig. 6 illustrating the .manner in which the ClI'lVll'lg- In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, 1 is a driving member or tool of sufficient strength to take the driving'iinpacts. 2 is a shoe which may be of cast iron or other suitable material. The

driving member-1 is removably connected to the shoe 2, for example by being inserted into. a recess 3 therein, so that the driving impacts are communicated to the shoe while driving and the driving member can be readily withdrawn when driving is completed.

8 is a metal ring which is driven into the ground for a short distance, so as to constitute a collaron the finished pile which may i or may not be removed when the pile is fin: ished. During driving the ring 8 defines a feeding orifice for the incoming concrete and protects the edgeofthe hole. Thehopper t is located around the driving member 1 and is adapted to feed concrete into the orifice driving is commenced the hopper l issupplied with fairly liquid concrete from the chute 5 and as the shoe 2 is driven into the earth the concrete 6 by its own gravity tollows and ills up the resulting hole 7. The chute 5 may be directly connected with a concrete mixer and since the hopper 4; 1s located at the ground level, no labor is required for transporting or hoisting the concrete from the mixer to the pile hole.

in this modification the driving member 1 is provided with a screw or conveyer 9 between the threads of which the concrete from hopper a enters, so that as the screw is driven downwards by impacts, it forces the filling material into the hole by ramming action. The driving member 1 is preferably removably attached, for example by means of a leit handed screw thread 10 to a driving head 11, carrying the usual dolly 12 of wood tor-receiving the driving impacts from the driving monkey 13. The driving head 11 is carried in a collar 14 connected with sliding members 15 carried in slides 16 which are supported by upright guides 17 forming part of the pile driving derrick. The driving head. 11' is provided with a bevel gear 18 adapted to be rotated by means of abevel pinion 19, mounted on a shalt 20 supported in hearings on a projectig part of the collar l l. The shaft 20' can be driven in any suitable manner, for example by an electric motor 22, acting through a train of gears 23, 24:, 25 and 26. Inoperating this apparatus the shoe 2 is driven into the ground and the driving member l is preferably simultaneously rotated in the unscrewing direction so as to feedpositively the concrete into position by the action oi the screw 9. In some cases the men'iber 1 may only be rotated after the shoe has been driven to the necessary depth when the driving member has to be withdrawn. Fig.5 illustrates the withdrawal of the driving member 1 and it will be readilyunderstood that by rotation of the driving memher 1 the concrete is fed inwardly to take its place and to cause a perfectly consolidated pile to be left in the ground.

Eilective consolidation can also be efi'ected by withdrawing the screw a little and then imparting one or more driving impacts. This may be repeated several times at various stages ol the withdrawal so that a pile perfectly consolidated throughout its length is ensured. It is to be noted that the withdrawal or the-screw can readily be effected by rotating it so as to tend to unscrew it out of the concrete. The reaction of this rotation on the concrete is to impel and convey it inwardly to take the place of the driving member and screw as they are withdrawn and to fill in any cavities or fis sures that may exist in theconcrete.

In practice, the withdrawal of the screw and the consolidation of the material forming the pile is satisfactorily and automati cally obtained by slowly rotating the screw in a direction to cause it to rise out of the pile. The motor 22 and connected gearing and the platform 14 and headll may be counterbalanced during. the rotation of the wheel 18 for the withdrawal of the screw 9. By counter-balancing and by rotating the screw, the driving member 1 will start to rise out of the hole automatically against the reaction of compressed concrete when its reaction will overcome the-weight of the driving member. As long as the hole 7 is incoi-npletely filled or it there are cavities in the concrete or if the concrete has not been sufiiciently consolidated, the rotating driving member will continue to propel the V concrete from the hopper downwards and will not rise out of the pile. Such automatic control ensures'tl-ie quality of the pile and the reliability of the method.

In Figs. 1 to 5, I have also illustrated the way in which reinforced piles can be pro duced according to the present invention. The reinforcement is preferably constructed of steel bars, expanded metal or wire frame work 27 attached to webs 28 in the shoe. As the shoe is driven into the earth the reinforcement 27 ispulled after it and when a certain amount of concrete has been filled in, the shoe, reinforcement and concrete tend to move forward as a unit.

While I have shown the hopper d locatedon the ground, it may be attached to the pile driving derriclt, since the hopper is always located directly under thepile driving monkey l3.

The modification shown in Figures 6 and 'l' is adapted for the production oftapered piles. The driving member 1 is provided with a relatively long screw 29, preferably extending along the whole depth of the pile.

The screw is ofsubstantial size and is pret- It is to be noted that in building piles of any length whatever all the concrete is fed at the ground level. As the screw is driven into the ground the beveled portions 30 thereof are forced against the earth and force it laterally for a short distance. As

the driving continues the earth is thrust laterally'in successive small amounts until the desired size of pile is attained. The presence of the concrete between the convolutions of the screw prevents the earth from collapsing into the space therebetween and the beveled portions 30 guide the earth outwardly as the driven member is forced into the earth. A small unscrewing movement is sufiicient to release the screw from the shoe and hole and by rotating the screw the concrete is thrust inwardly and con solidated as shown in Figure 7. The methods of consolidating the pile, described in connection with the modification of Figs. 1 to 5, can likewise be applied in this modification. a

1n the modification shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the driving member 1 is shown with a short screw 4-0 of maximum diameter nearly as great as that of the finished pile. The radius of the screw diminishes rapidly toward the lower end and the shoe is a comparative ly thin inverted dome shaped piece of thin sheet metal ll which bears against the screw during driving. In this modification it is not necessary to rotate the screw during driving but when the shoe is driven sufliciently far into the ground the driving member is rotated and withdrawn, thereby forcing the concrete inwardly and the concrete is left in a consolidated state. Consolidation may also be ellected inthis modification by repeated impacts during withdrawal. This modification is very suitable forthe production of pedestal piles, that is piles having enlargements such as is shown at 4-2 in Fig. 9. Such an enlargement is produced by partly withdrawing the driving member and applying a sufiicient pressure thereto so that the concrete forces the earth outwardly and forms the enlargement at the desired part of the pile. In some cases it is sutficient to apply a dead pressure to the driving member. in other cases the enlargement is produced by impacts of the driving monkey. In this form it is advantageous that the lower race of the screw {l0 should have an upward slope in the radial direction in order that the concrete may more readily be thrust outwardly against the wall of the hole '7.

It is. of course, to be understood present invention is readily applicable to the production of piles of diilerent cross-section. 1* or example by using square, rectangular or circular shoes, piles of corresponding crosssection are produced.

lVhile I have given a number of detailed that the constructions according to my invention I do 1 not desire to be limited thereto since the 1nvention may be modified inmany directions without departing from the scope of the ap pended claims.

As an example of afurther modification,

I contemplate a modification in which the screw 9 is independent of the driving memher 1 and shorter so that the screw driving mechanism may have a stationary 1ocatlon in or ad acent the hopper 4: during gravel and the upper part of concrete. 1,

therefore, do not intend to be limited to piles of concrete, but intend to include piles of sand, gravel or other suitable building material. I

I claim 1. A method of building piles in situ which consists in forming the hole and simultaneously driving filling material into the hole by the hole forming means.

2. A method of building piles in situ which consists in driving a tool into the earth and simultaneously driving, by the tool driving means, filling material into the hole formed by the tool.

3. A method of building piles in situ which consists in driving a shoe step by step into the earth and simultaneously and continuously driving filling material into the hole formed by the shoe.

4. A method of building piles in situ which consists in operating a tool through the pile forming material to carry the material into the earth and rotating the tool to withdraw the same and consolidate the pile.

5. A. method of building piles in situ which consists in operating a tool through the pile forming material to fill and compress the same into the earth and rotating the tool to withdraw it and subjecting it to impacts during withdrawal to consolidate the pile.

6. A method oi building piles in situ which consists in operating a tool by both blows and screwing to force it into the earth to form a hole and fill the same simultaneously, and consolidating the pile by the tool during its withdrawal from the hole.

7. A method of building piles in situ, which consists in driving a hole into the earth, feeding and consolidating the filling 8. 1n pile building mechanism, means for driving a hole into the ground and means 00- operative therewith to force filling material into the said hole at the same time.

9. 1n pile building mei-lmnism, means to form a hole in the ground and means c0- operative therewith for feeding and forcing concrete down during the formation of the hole. 7

10. In pile building mechanism, means adapted to form ahole by impacts into the ground ancl provided Withspiral convolutions for carrying and driving'conci'ete clown into the hole, and means for causing rotation of the said convolutions.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ALEXANDER e. ROTINOFF. 

